### Module 5: Performance Tuning
#### Lesson 1: Monitoring Tools and Metrics for OpenSearch
**Objective**: Equip participants with the knowledge to effectively monitor OpenSearch clusters, utilizing the right tools and understanding key performance metrics.
**Topics**:
- **Introduction to Monitoring Tools**: Overview of built-in OpenSearch monitoring features, third-party tools, and AWS monitoring services like Amazon CloudWatch for OpenSearch Service.
- **Key Performance Metrics**: Detailed explanation of essential OpenSearch metrics, including CPU usage, memory usage, JVM heap usage, disk I/O, and network traffic.
- **Interpreting Metrics**: How to interpret these metrics in the context of OpenSearch performance and identify potential bottlenecks or issues.
- **Alerting and Anomaly Detection**: Setting up alerts for critical metrics and using anomaly detection to preemptively address performance issues.
#### Lesson 2: Tuning Index Performance (Shard Sizes, Refresh Rates)
**Objective**: Dive into strategies for optimizing index performance through effective shard management and understanding the impact of refresh rates.
**Topics**:
- **Optimal Shard Size**: Discussing the trade-offs associated with large vs. small shard sizes, and how to find the optimal size for different use cases.
- See [[Shard#Strategies for Balancing Shard Size and Count]]
- **Shard Allocation and Balancing**: Techniques for distributing shards across nodes to ensure balanced workloads and prevent hotspots.
- **Adjusting Refresh Rates**: Understanding how the refresh rate affects indexing performance and search latency, and when to adjust it.
- **Forced Merges**: Exploring the use of forced merges to reduce shard count and improve query performance for read-heavy indices.
#### Lesson 3: Query Optimization Techniques
**Objective**: Teach effective techniques for optimizing OpenSearch queries to reduce latency and resource consumption.
**Topics**:
- **Writing Efficient Queries**: Best practices for constructing queries to minimize their performance impact, including the use of filters, avoiding heavy aggregations, and using the right query types.
- **Understanding Query Execution**: Insight into how OpenSearch executes queries and how this affects performance.
- **Caching Strategies**: Leveraging OpenSearch’s query cache and field data cache to improve query performance.
- **Profiling Queries**: Using the OpenSearch Profile API to analyze and optimize query execution.