> [!NOTE] Values Scan > <table> > <tr> > <td width="25%"><img src="assets/ex_values_scan.png"></td> > <td>Scans a set of constant values provided directly in the query (e.g., the <code>VALUES</code> clause). It treats the constant list as a virtual table, allowing it to be filtered, joined, or aggregated like any other physical relation.</td> > </tr> > </table> > > ```sql > -- Scanning a literal list of tuples > EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, COSTS, BUFFERS, VERBOSE) > VALUES (1, 'a'), (2, 'b'); > ``` > > ![ValuesScan Plan Tree](assets/plan_tree_op_values_scan.svg) > > ```text > Values Scan on "*VALUES*" (cost=0.00..0.03 rows=2 width=36) (actual time=0.009..0.010 rows=2 loops=1) > Output: column1, column2 > Planning: > Buffers: shared hit=3 > Planning Time: 0.054 ms > Execution Time: 0.038 ms > ``` > > ![Values Scan measured plan performance signature](assets/trace_op_values_scan.svg) > > <table> > <tr> > <td rowspan="2" width="25%"><img src="assets/ex_values_scan.svg"></td> > <td><b>Performance</b></td><td>High performance; the tuples are typically stored directly in the query plan and do not require heap access.</td> > </tr> > <tr><td><b>Cost</b></td><td><code>`cpu_tuple_cost * number of values`</code></td></tr> > </table>